BIMCO制订新租约AIS关闭条款旨在抑制滥用制裁

Overview

概述

BIMCO is working on a charter party clause to help tackle potential abuse by sanctions busters of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) which is mandatory for all ships to carry under SOLAS.

BIMCO正在制订一份租约条款用来处理因关闭SOLAS公约下所有船舶必备的自动识别系统(AIS)而引起的潜在滥用制裁问题。

AIS transmits information about a ship including its identity and position. It should not be switched off or disabled at any time other than for very specific safety and security reasons permitted by the regulations, such as avoiding detection by pirates in high-risk areas.

AIS系统实时传送船舶的主体和位置信息。AIS系统在任何情况下不得关闭或失灵，除非海事规范允许的特别安全原因，如为了防止船舶在高风险地区被海盗跟踪。

In May 2020 the US Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) issued a shipping advisory on sanctions which recommended that the shipping industry should develop contractual provisions “in the form of an AIS “switch off” clause. The intention was that the clause would allow shipowners, charterers and operators to terminate work with any party that demonstrates “a pattern of multiple instances of AIS manipulation that is inconsistent with SOLAS”.

美国海外资产控制办公室(OFAC)曾在2020年5月发布一份针对航运的制裁咨询，其建议航运业应当开发一份AIS关闭情形的合同条款。如果合作方出现“违反SOLAS公约多次操纵AIS系统的行为模式“，那么该条款允许船东、租家和经营人终止合作。

BIMCO’s concern is that some charterers may, in their haste to be sanctions compliant, develop their own AIS “switch off” clauses that might expose owners to the risk of being terminated even when the AIS has been switched off for legitimate reasons, or the signal has failed to transmit or be received for reasons outside the owners’ control.

BIMCO所担心的是，某些租家可能急于应付制裁合规而自行制订一份AIS关闭条款，但此举会提升船东被终止合约的风险，如即使AIS系统是在合法情况下关闭的，或者信号无法传输或者信号不受船东控制的原因被接受等情形。

The new BIMCO clause will address not only the use of the AIS during the charter party but also prior to the contract. This is important because the OFAC guidelines are focused on identifying patterns in AIS manipulation by ships rather than isolated “one-off” incidents. The clause recognises that there may be legitimate reasons why the ship’s AIS signal has been interrupted.

BIMCO新条款调整的AIS系统使用不仅限于租期内的，而且还涉及租约启动前。这一点尤为重要因为OFAC指南集中在识别船舶操纵AIS系统的行为模式而非仅仅针对一次性的关闭事件。该条款承认合法理由下为何船舶AIS信号被干扰。

The BIMCO AIS “Switch Off” Clause for Charter Parties is targeted for publication in May.

BIMCO 租约AIS关闭条款计划今年5月份发布。

来源：航运在线